Large-panel housing construction: historical necessity and advanced technology of the construction industry

Abstract

The article discusses the features, technologies and methods of large-panel housing construction. Special attention is paid to the history and reasons for the appearance of this type of construction. On the example of such countries as Poland, Korea, Germany, the dynamics and results of the development of large-panel housing construction are analyzed. The results of the study indicate that the technology of large-panel housing construction has all the prospects for further development and wide dissemination, provided that energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technologies are introduced. The development of prefabricated construction in the field of multi-apartment housing should be associated with even better coordination of all processes based on BIM technologies, improvement of existing building systems in combination with the elimination of existing shortcomings in technological processes and assembly of blocks. The article presents large-block technology with separation into facade and ceiling panels of medium size, large-panel technology with separation into large facade and ceiling panels, an apartment building built by BBGK Architekci using the technology of prefabricated large-panel structures, the UNICON connecting system of Munitec GmbH, a project of a large apartment building in Korea, which was erected using the Koncz system for high-rise large-panel buildings, a load-bearing system of transverse walls with one-sided overlapping, a load-bearing system of a longitudinal wall with prestressed one-sided slabs, the construction of a residential block based on system modules, etc. The conclusion is made about the important advantage of large-panel construction, which consists in the possibility of achieving consistently high quality of the final product.