On the interaction of river ice with bridge supports (review)

   Due to the state program of the Arctic zone development of the Russian Federation, it is planned to build new bridges and various hydraulic engineering structures. For the development of these territories, a large number of ice crossings and winter (ice) roads are built annually, since most of the large (navigable) rivers lower courses of in the Siberian and Far Eastern regions are located in hard climatic (northern) conditions. In connection with the above, the article provides an overview of the works of ice impacts estimation on bridge piers and other railway and motorway engineering structures (R&M ES). Not only does freshwater ice differ significantly from sea ice in its physico-mechanical properties and crystal habit, but ice in the same river in the upper and lower reaches may also differ due to an indefinite number of influxes of different chemical composition. For this reason, the problem of ice fields interaction and bridge piers, approaches to the strength assessment of river and technical ice is very relevant and extensive. The article discusses various mechanisms of freshwater ice destruction in contact with the surface of the piers on the rivers flowing through the territory of the Russian Federation. There are given diagrams of the vertical and horizontal cracks formation in the contact zone of ice and supports. It is also pointed out that it is necessary to consider the scale effect, that has a significantly alleets on the results of the strength characteristics assessing of ice. Both existing engineering methods for calculating and modeling ice behavior according to reference documents and refined calculation methods are considered, taking into account the anisotropy of the physical ice properties, its elastic-plastic behavior and elastic-plastic behavior during deformation. Prospective approach to the derivation of ice strength criteria are noted, and possible ways of further research are shown.

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