Pollution problem of the Astrakhan region ecosystem by emissions from road transport and ways to reduce it

   In connection with the tendency of population concentration in urban agglomerations, there is an increase in the demand for road transport services. There is an increase in the number of road transport units in cities around the world. As a result, the deterioration of the ecological situation is revealed due to the obsolescence of the fleet, poor quality of fuel and fuel and lubricants, and the peculiarities of engine operating modes in the urban cycle. The ecological situation in cities is complicated by the fact of the high average age of vehicles. At the same time, the experience of European countries shows the prospect of an increase in the number of rolling stock of vehicles, which entails an increase in the environmental load. The deterioration of the environmental situation is influenced not only by the toxicity of emissions from motor vehicles, but also by environmental pollution by noise, vibration and heat.
   According to the hydro meteorological classification, the city of Astrakhan is classified as a polluted industrial city. Emissions from vehicles make a significant contribution to the total volume of pollution. The proximity of highways to residential buildings, the concentration of city traffic on them, regular traffic congestion lead to a deterioration of the ecological situation in the region.
   Taking into account the annual increase in rolling stock in the Astrakhan, it becomes obvious the need to take measures to reduce the environmental load on the urban ecosystem. So, out of the whole range of possible measures, we consider the introduction of the following directions to be the most expedient: optimization of urban public transport routes; widespread use of fuel afterburning technologies; the use of hydrogen fuel for public transport; providing opportunities for the operation of hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles on the territory of the Astrakhan city; expansion of the range of measures in the city to protect against noise and vibration; car fleet renewal; tightening of quality control of fuel, fuels and lubricants, technical condition of vehicles on the territory of the Astrakhan city. This will ensure a decrease in the negative environmental load on the Astrakhan region, increasing the efficiency of movement of passenger and freight traffic.

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