The choice of optimal logistics schemes for the supply of goods from China to the Russian Federation using containers

Abstract

The global crisis of 2022 globally affected the logistics of cargo transportation from China to Russia, as a result of which many established product supply chains were broken or underwent significant changes. Previously, more than half of cargo transportation to the Russian Federation was carried out through the north-west of the country, namely through the Baltic ports, a number of Black Sea and others. In the conditions of the global crisis, the logistics of goods movement was reorganized to the east and south of Russia. Also, among other things, the container crisis had an impact on the logistics of freight transportation. The rise in the cost of sea freight, emergency situations in the Suez Canal, the lack of transport assets have led to a change in the usual delivery routes, which have been worked out and improved over the years. The article defines the parameters of logistics routes through the Far Eastern ports (Vlad. and Vost.), border crossings with China and Mongolia (Zab. and Naush., respectively), taking into account the current restrictions and standards approved by the legislation of the Russian Federation, and the standards specified in international documents adopted by the Organization for Cooperation between Railways: the distance and terms of transportation of 40-foot containers to Nov., transport and general delivery costs. Based on the results of calculations, the optimal supply chains for 40-foot containers from Shang. were selected in Nov. with the participation of road, rail and sea modes of transport, a conclusion was made about the duration of the transportation, as well as the feasibility of using one or another mode of transport on the main shoulders of the route, an approximate range of total delivery costs for the studied supply chains was given.