Noise attenuation in residential areas near the station and under various atmospheric conditions

   Acoustic pollution of residential areas from railway transport facilities is an urgent scientific and technical problem. As part of the search for acceptable solutions to this problem, the features of sound generation in the source and the specifics of noise propagation in the territory are considered in order to determine all possible ways to protect the population from noise. The railway station, both by its main purpose and the nature of the work performed, is a two-way marshalling yard with a sequential arrangement of parks and parallel arrangement of systems, and is classified as extracurricular in terms of the volume of work. There are two automated high-capacity slides at the station for disbanding and forming trains. The process of disbanding rolling stock is the main cause of significant acoustic pollution of the adjacent residential area.
   The speed and distance of sound transmission depends on the medium in which it is distributed. For example, at an air temperature of 20 °C, normal atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg) and normal relative humidity (from 40– 60%), the average speed of sound is 343 m/s. The air environment has parameters that significantly affect the trajectory, speed characteristics and range of the sound wave. The effect is exerted by air humidity, the direction and speed of air masses, air temperature and other factors. The physical state of the atmosphere is incorporated into the calculated attenuation formula in the form of coefficients that integrally take into account the combination of temperature, humidity, and air velocity. The attenuation process also largely depends on the terrain, the existing obstacles in the path of the sound wave.
   These terrain features and the climatic state of the environment largely determine the choice and design of acoustic pollution protection systems. By calculating, by entering the insulating capacity of the protective equipment into the formula, we determine the presence or absence of exceeding the maximum permissible sound pressure level at a given point (residential building).
   In the article, we will consider the features of the propagation and attenuation of noise in the atmosphere in the territory adjacent to the station under various weather conditions and protection options.

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